Why and how is the landscape of childrens services changing What are Essay

Why and how is the landscape of childrens work changing What are the implications of these changes for practitioners who work with children - experiment Examplefts in institutional quantifys have also contributed to this change, such as the gendered character of contemporary parenting and the gendered character of childhood, which have corresponding implications in the childrens services (Daniel, e al., 2005). Todays childrens services argue the importance of using gendered perspective in order to engage adequately with the causes and effectuate of child maltreatment. This perspective may be analysed as an outcome of the growing gendered character of the household and the workplace, which has characterised red-brick industrial societies like England.England has designed and implemented its early historic period educational policy in the finis of 1997-2004 and presented some innovations in the policy, its evidence base, and delivery of new services. It suggests evidence concern ing expansion of services on the derive of early years education on childrens development (Sylva and Pugh, 2005), a direction which childrens services as pedagogy is leading. Early years education in England is claimed to be transformed by integration of education and care at local and national level, the strong focus on families and children in the delivery of services, as well as the introduction of the Foundation Stag Curriculum 3-6 years and its birth-3 years supplement (Sylva and Pugh, 2005). Stone and Rixon (2008) stressed that while child-centred is the key, it is as important to seek the perspective of parents who are left(a) with the child when all the professionals have gone home. Stone and Rixon also emphasised that it is important to recognise the value of families, which serve as one point for change and in which change itself can and should originate from, reverberative with the changes in childrens services in England. The focus of change, as Rixon (2008) points o ut, has been on the challenges for practitioners of these currents, which likewise affect the experiences of children and their families.England launched in 2003 its

A Real Career Opportunity in the Criminal Justice Field Essay

A Real Career Opportunity in the illegal Justice Field - Essay Examplethither are, also, practical elements to choosing the field of nuisance medical prognosis Investigation. The go offers positive income incentives and there appears to be a bright future for potential job growth. However, to truly run across the field it is important to explore the details of an occupation as a Crime Scene Investigator.There are many responsibilities of a real Crime Scene Investigator and it is not, always, like the ones you have seen on television. They have a very relevant and serious position to hold. They are expected to, generally, be addressable and on-call at all hours, 24 hours a day, when necessary.(Roberts, 2012) After all, crime scenes do not necessarily devolve between the normal business hours of a typical workday. They must aid detectives in securing the evidence from contamination, reconstructing events, crowd evidence, photographs, and making certain thatthe evidence collecte d is sent to the correct locations for examination and analysis. A Crime Scene Investigator is, also, required to have strong communication skills, ability to remain composed, and a heightened sense of organization. They are, on occasion, asked to testify in court should the cases they are involved with going to trial.(CSI career and, 2012) Becoming a Crime Scene Investigator requires a background in criminal justice is important and further study. However, purpose the training needed is available at a large number of schools, as the popularity of the field increase over the last decade. A Bachelors Degree is attainable and with so much potential growth the education is abundantly worthwhile.

Communications Surveillance, Privacy and Its Ethical Implications Research Paper

communication theory Surveillance, Privacy and Its Ethical Implications - Research Paper ExampleSo in order to deal with austere issues communication theory surveillance becomes essential but it is not ethical. This paper also discusses the ethical validity of communications surveillance in light of Kants ethical theory. Introduction It is an admitted fact that in the past fewer years, surveillance and observation of individuals communications have been turning out to be more common, more unsystematic and more enveloping, same as our dependence on electronic communications grown. Additionally, almost all the study global laws and regulations on human rights ensure protection of the right of individuals to be free from unnecessary surveillance. On the other hand, this assurance has trickled down into nationwide legal or official requirements ensuring the privacy of communications. In the majority of democratic countries, surveillance of verbal, telephone and digital communicati ons are applied through law enforcement or intelligence agencies patently after approved by a judge, as well as simply in the inquiry of serious crimes (Privacy International, 2012). Up till now goernment agencies carry on to third house for improved surveillance facilities and capabilities, mainly as technologies transform. In addition, communications surveillance has gone beyond the digital and Internet communications. In fact, in the majority of countries, security agencies have forced internet service forgetrs as well as telecommunications firms to keep an eye on users communications. Also, the many of these actions are performed under the uncertain classical base as well as remain unidentified to the public (Privacy International, 2012). This paper presents an overview of Surveillance of communications. The fundamental aim of this research is to analyze the legal, privacy and ethical implications of communications surveillance. Communications Surveillance An overview In the past few years, telecommunications and computing technologies have seen radical changes. In fact, the typical acceptance of modern communication platforms much(prenominal) as e-mail, mobile telephones and the Web as well as the ever-increasing adoption and implementation of peer-to-peer Voice over IP (VoIP) telephony have considerably changed and improved the way people communicate in the twenty-first century. In addition, huge increases in computing and data storage facilities and capabilities have provided governments with a wide course of innovative tools and techniques for eavesdropping on these communications (Brown, 2009). A lot of organizations make effective use of technology to basically transform the way business tasks are carried out, by making use of technology in shipway that break the traditional rules of carrying out business activities. For instance, Kmart and Wal-mart are making use of teleconferencing to facilitate headquarters-based merchandisers to provide s tore managers in the field with direction and recommendation, facilitating them to unite local programs with business objectives (Herschel & Andrews, 1997) Surveillance is defined as an operation or an event during which the actions of a particular individual are monitored and documented. In this scenario, communications s

Steve Jobs' Commencement Speech at Stanford University Essay

Steve Jobs Commencement Speech at Stanford University - Essay exerciseThis paper aims at identifying the main elements of Steve Jobs Commencement Speech at Stanford University that enables the listeners to comprehend and connect with the speaker distributively and collectively. In attaining this end, the research will examine the use of logos, pathos, and ethos to make the listeners understand the full speech and whatsoever components of the speech. This paper is in the form of rhetorical analysis. It tries to examine the main components of the speech and the kind of message it seeks to conduct to the auditory modality. Rhetoric analysis ...lays bare or adequately interprets the secret life of a form of chat or speech. In separate words, the paper seeks to decode the main influence that the message seeks to apply on the mind of the listener. It tries to comprehensively examine the kind of information that Steve Jobs seeks to assert on the graduands by recess down the speak. R ossenwasser and Stephen identify that to analyze the rhetoric of something is to determine how that something persuades and positions its readers or viewers or listeners. Ethos is about the believability and the ethical appeal that the speaker has over the listener. It is mainly about how the audience relates to the speaker and the contacts that occur whilst the handling goes on. Although there is no agreed standard in measuring the potency of ethos, the commonest method of evaluating this is to examine the emotions of the audience. The audience reacts by clapping and shouting to show their connection with the speaker. In this speech, there are so legion(predicate) emotions that are shown at different points in the interaction between Steve Jobs and the graduands. There were instances where the crowd screamed and there were other times where they clapped. Also, at the end of the entire speech, there was a standing ovation which gave an indication to a bystander that the speech had had some influence on the people present and this is very much evident of ethos. In analyzing the speech of Steve Jobs, there are four main components of ethos that can be conveniently examined to bring to place upright the kind of connection that existed between the audience and speaker during the whole speech. Credibility refers to the trust and worth of a persons communication with other. This refers to how factors that cause a listener to place more reliance on the words of another person. First of all, the personality of Steve Jobs is one that grants him so much credibility. Being nominated as the speaker for the causa in itself is something that comes with a lot of reputation for the event.

Strategic management. read article then answer questions Essay

Strategic management. read article and then answer questions - Essay ExampleThis confounding hinders the fact that resource-based concept is only one of the various strategic logics within heterogeneous firms that leads to intra-industry performance differences. The influence of environments on company performance has been a key cornerstone in schema and has become a function of the fit between organic lawal structure and the environmental setting (Porter, 1996). Extrapolating this argument to inter-organizational level, researchers argue that the influence of profits post on firm performance is controlled by the environmental context. Essential to the argument is that channels in the environment influence the nature of skills and capabilities needed for competitive advantage. Since network positions ar crucial to firms in an attempt to study appropriate skills and capabilities, firms are compelled to strategically design their networks to acquire skills and capabilities in a changed environment. Nevertheless, any mismatch between needs of the environment and the firms position could have serious performance implications (Bingham and Eisenhardt, 2008). Position strategy has various advantages like constructing an impressive empire meet an attractive market that offers long-term competitive advantage. In addition, competitive advantage relies on valuable strategic position within an industry and linking the various resources to defend the position, since strategic positioning drives huge profitability (Peteraf, 1993). very much companies defend their position by combining resources that their competitors find difficult to imitate therefore, position strategy tie in resources to successfully defend an organization from challengers. Nevertheless, like any strategy, the position strategy has its vulnerability factor which is change since when industries change relocating a business empire locked in a strategic position is tough. The weaknesses of this s trategy allow in dismantling synergies in case of change that management worked hard to put in place and exposing the organization to risks in transition to a fresh strategy. Thus, change forces managers to dismantle their resources in position strategy and reassembling them in fresh strategic positions, which consumes time and potentially lethal because performance may stall until all pieces are reassembled (Siggelkow, 2001). Currently firms are leveraging on social media tools in an attempt to attract consumers to engage in their interactive online social environment (Shadkam and OHara, 2013). In environments of moderate change, supplement strategies outperform position strategies because change is incremental and conventional which ensures that managers rotate strategically pregnant resources in the industry. Although position strategy bases on the empire analogy, leverage strategy resembles chess in that competitive advantage results from having valuable pieces and ensuring s mart moves with the pieces. Organizations pursuing leveraging strategy attain competitive advantage through their strategically essential resources within the existing as rise as new industries at a rate consistent with market change. For instance, Pepsi owns various strategically important resources however, the company has leveraged the resources to

Power and Politics in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power and Politics in an Organization - Essay ExampleFor instance, leaders be assigned a higher level of tycoon to enable them manage those who argon below them. In principal, distribution of origin in an judicature is a tool to get things done. There has been a contention as to whether there exist a clear cut boundary between organisational cater and organizational politics in any particular business system. This paper get out focus on the differences between organizational force out and organizational politics. The role of leaders in an organizational set up is to control effectively those workers that are directly below them. Power has been identified as a exact tool that enables leaders to increase their dependability in their management roles. The best strategy for managers to optimize their power is to increase the workers dependence on them. Dependence notify be assessed on the extent to which the workers will convolute to the managers for critical decisions or solu tions for organizational problems. However, power can be categorized into two, either as power over or the power to depending on the purpose of its use (Clegg and Haugaard 2012, 115). The former has been used to express a negative power that is bureaucratic that is solely meant to increase the individualistic dominance. On the other hand, the power to is preparedness of right to implement or act within ones capacity. In brief, organizational power can be defined as the capacity one party has to influence the behavior of another party in an organization. On the other hand, organizational politics has been often been termed as power in action which defines slack attempt to influence the actions of individuals within an organization. The intention of a political action is to act outside the appointed role in an attempt to manipulate the natural balance of power within an organization. In essence, perpetrators of organizational politics are individualistic people whose intention is t o define new authority boundaries in severalise to have control over the others in business set up (Mauws and Dyck 2005, 34). This resistant of behavior is associated with the aptness of the key decision making tools in an organization to remain open to misinterpretation hence big(p) opportunists a loophole to exploit them in order to enjoy unwarranted merits. Organizational politics have been criticized as an ill motive that is meant to provide individualistic privileges that are not for the best interest of an organization. These two types of power are not only different in their motive principles, but also the way they are acquired. The essence of management power is to promote the goals and objectives of the organization through team building and cohesive reasoning. This kind of power allows every employee to be answerable to a higher power while still performing within their power and ability to handle organizational roles that are defined by the position they hold. The mo tivation of this kind of power is to ensure that there is one key of decision maker to avoid difference of opinion of opinions within the organization. On the other hand, the political behaviour is meant to overturn the organizational power by workout powers outside the roles defined by the organization. Its intention is to secure rights that benefit one person rather than the organization (Porter, Angle and Allen 2003, 22-27). While the organizational power is meant to manage the vital business resources to drive an organization to success, politicians will misinterpret their roles in order to hoard organizational privileges for their own benefit. Economists have identified numerous strategies that can be used for empowerment of people in a business system. One

Crisis Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crisis Communication - Essay ExampleThere were clear ethical issues involved in the SARS crisis. This had to do with the handling of training, where it was necessary that accurate statistics on the crisis pull up stakes be made known to the public for further action to be taken. However, this was concealed from the public in most parts of China. In the case of SARS, t induceher could hardly be any form of pre-crisis adventure planning. This is because the cause of the disease was virtually not known and so it was waiver to be difficult to pull wires its emergence. However, for most other parts of the world, there could be pre-crisis contingency plans to ensure that the disease did not blossom forth to those areas. Examples of these could have been the screening of all throng undertaking cross-border journeys. In cases where diseases were detected in people also, utilize a coherent quarantine system that ensured that there was no mingling of affected people with unaffected(p ) people. What is more, at the crisis event aim, a rapid response contingency plan was going to be necessary. This rapid response was supposed to ensure that as many cases of SARS were identified and rapidly responded to. Noting the high level of mortality associated with the disease, this rapid response contingency plan was going to be a way of ensuring that people who contracted the disease were not made to live with the disease for a very long time. Finally, an military rank contingency plan was necessary at the post-crisis recovery phase to find ways of avoiding future occurrences. Media chat in times such as the SARS crisis is so important in ensuring that the right information was sent to the public. Such information was also necessary for educating the populace so that they would not over dread with events that were taking place. To this end, as a communication expert, peerless of the best ways to deal with the media is to ensure that there were narrow media reporters to contact information to the public on the disease. This would have been done by sampling a section of the media who had some background in medicine or health and giving them master key and specialized information on the disease. Consequently, the public will be made aware that for any official and professional reportage on the disease, they had to look up to these media persons. These specialized media persons would be made to work with all media outlets as resource persons and spokespersons on the disease. They would have also used avenues of the new media such as social networks to give out information on the disease. Case 3 1997 Red River Valley overeats The 1997 Red River Valley Flood is a typical case of public environmental crisis that affected a group of people indoors an identified locality. The 1997 Red River Valley Flood is also a typical natural disaster that hit its victims in a spontaneous manner. Like with all natural disasters, the Red River Valley Flood was on e that needed an integrated management strategy to address it at all levels of it including the pre-crisis and crisis phases. With an integrated management strategy, it was going to be possible to bring on board as many experts and professional in the written report of flood disaster as control as possible to handle the flood. Most

How to get victims of rape and sexual assault to report their attack Research Paper

How to get victims of rape and sexual assault to report their attack - Research write up ExampleDiscussion in the paper brings this core idea to everyones notice.Paradoxically as it whitethorn seem, but the tender pressure and the human opinion from the locatinglines impacts the decision making process of those suffering from the blackball phenomena of the inn itself. It is all about the victims of the sexual assault and people who commit much(prenominal) crimes against them. It is difficult to pack out the optimal remedy for getting the victims report on the cases of assault. However, all methods would be good for the interest of the final result, i.e. punishment of the criminal. In this case each individual would feel himself/herself in safety. Thus, to make a victim feel free to report on the case of rape is to provide a victim with the feeling of care, support, and security at each stage of the investigation.First of all, the current situation with law and aim in the Un ited States of America leaves much to be desired. Most of the victims living in the streets of the huge cities the like New York, Chicago, Los Angeles and others take it for granted that police and the judicial system of the US cannot prevent the society from the ontogeny threat of the crime. It means that most of the victims do not even go to police having an idea that nix will help them in their situation. On the other hand, they do not want to disclose such a negative case in their lives so that to keep themselves on a safe side from the overall genial regrets and, say, blames.The trace of rape is never easy to bear for a victim. However, the society cannot realize it to the full. Golden et al. (2010) admit in their study on the rape as a social drawback the following idea, namely The continued judgment of, or disdain for, victims of rape is a form of social stigmatization (p. 160). Hereby, the way to make a victim open to the talk on such a subtle topic from his/her life is to feel keenly the scenario of the rape and the

Madonna and Child with Saint Barbara and Saint Catherine Essay

Madonna and Child with angel Barbara and Saint Catherine - Essay ExampleWe should therefore be highly inspired by such saints who yield artists and stimulate them to produce whole caboodle of such high caliber. The legendary saints as well influence the poetic and esthetical abilities of human beings. There are a lot of sinful creatures in this world, many Christians believe that if the set apart virgins, as presented in these works would appeal to the lord at his throne then everything will be fine. This is because they believe that these works of art are not just manmade pieces of art, they are in fact a peak into the heavenly figures. Thats why a lot of Christians find pleasure in producing and law-abiding religious art. Many people did not know Saint Catherine of Alexandria until the crusaders used her name. They believed that she had helped in the Eastern perform and hence her name started being venerated. She was considered to be an epitome of wisdom and knowledge. To add to only of it, she had been of royal blood. Obviously, all these claims about her have been questioned but nevertheless her place in Art remains unquestioned and unopposed. A lot of scholarly Christians place her next to Mary Magdalene. Different ornaments that she wears symbolize different things. For example, the book indicates her learning, the pass represents her superiority, and sword represents her martyrdom. This picture has been praised globally. In this picture, Catherine is shown with a virgin and a child. She has an elegant and a dignified icon and she is wearing a princess dress. This picture is a very bewitching Madonna picture. In it, Saint Catherine is utter to be representing a beautiful daughter of an artist. She is sitting at the ground, while the virgin is seated on a chair with a baby in her arms. Virgin and the child are sitting in a fenced-off area of a courtyard being surrounded by four very beautiful saints. Also, this picture symbolizes that Saint i s being depicted as a beautiful woman rather than as a knowledgeable or scholarly one. She is in Uffizi. Because of her learned nature she is very often also shown accompanying Saint Jerome and other doctors of the church. Her other frequent companions include Saint Barbara and Mary Magdalene. The presence of St. Barbara in the picture is also a very symbolic one. While young, she was secluded and so she gave in to plea and meditation. She is shown close to the virgin. Her personality is a reminder of Gods presence. This beautiful picture by Raphael is also unbroken in the National Galley and has gained acclaim. It shows saints to her knees, her right arm is folded around her breast while she has kept the left one on the wheel. She is looking at one spot in the sky with an smell of joy and relief on her face. The background also shows a delightful landscape. According to Passavant It is one of those works which nothing can describe neither words, nor a painted copy, nor engraving s, for the fire in it appears living, and is entirely beyond imitation (Saints in Art Chapter VI The Virgin Patronesses and the Great Virgins of the Latin Church n.d.) In my opinion, these portraits cannot be classified as sins because they represent a close bond between the Christ and the saints. These pictures reflect love, fear and care. These pictures should be treated with dignity. These pictures are also a source of information for us. By looking at them we get to know the true value of our ancestors and the much revered saints we hear of. These

Wheel of Fortune and Invocation by Flack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W hotdog of Fortune and Invocation by Flack - Essay ExampleThe essay Wheel of Fortune and Invocation by Flack analyzes the Flacks paintings, heel of Fortune and Invocation. Both pieces feature an unrealistic collage of still life items, including a realistic adult male skull. The items included in these still lifes are not unrealistic in their depiction, but rather in their placement. Wheel of Fortune, for instance, makes any underlying structure impossible to discern art object Invocation presents an abstract, dimensionless background. The illusionistic depiction of items such(prenominal) as the human skull, hourglass and nearly burned down candle classify Wheel of Fortune as a vanitas painting while similar images, minus the hourglass, are used in Invocation. Flack employs a full range of hues to produce a trompe loeil effect in many of these images. The paintings do protest in the way in which they are compositionally composed. Both use the human skull as focal point. In Invoca tion, the skull is placed in the geographical center of the painting with all other objects arranged around it. It is given up a trompe loeil frame over which a paint tube, sitting next to the neck of the skull, drips a steady stream of red paint, and a candle, lit near the left edge of the image, burns. The composition is unsymmetrical with balance achieved by inversing round forms such as the base of the candle holder and the blooms of the bouquet. Wheel of Fortune, while also asymmetric, achieves its balance through the duplication of the skull. The original skull is placed off to the right side.

Place Before And After Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Place Before And After - Essay ExampleThe kids in the neck of the woods barely love to play sports in the park, families go on fishing, mothers do their groceries and the rest of the townsfolk d nearlyers just walk the streets for some fresh air even in the night as it was safe and well crowded. This was the best place for me, and I intended to pass it on to my future family the things, events and the values I loved which my father shared with me. However, these perceptions of mine in the said town did not seem to last as I saw a different place 15 years after. The change of the said town motivated me to discover the reasons as to why this paradise town and an ideal place to be in before, suddenly turned into a place where nobody would prefer to be in now. The towns safety, people, perceptions, and environment took its downturn from the time I enjoyed it 15 years ago. The ideal place for safety, celebrations, cleanliness, family values, hospitality, and peace now turned into a me eting place and fighting arena of gangsters and alike. The once clean and safe streets now turned into a drastic place of murderous acts, piles of garbage with beer and bottle cans scattered everywhere. The once happy and unaggressive park is now known to be a graveyard of murdered gang members and even rare folks of the said town, which were killed out stolen valuables. The celebrations such as holidays and Thanksgiving have once celebrated freely anywhere in the town, but now it is advised and preferred for residents to stay in their homes when celebrating these events.

Perspectives on Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Perspectives on Operations Management - Essay faceAn efficient movements strategy can help the business entities to win the race and stand at top of the crowd in competitive environment. Operations Strategies for new Wal-Mart descent X Comp each is the range of mountains of independent retail outlets in Hartwell in Essex and opening a new Wal-Mart store at acuteness of the town. The advice is needed about the potential drop operation strategy in response to the recent opening of Wal-Mart store. I have prepared a plan for the future business operation strategy for the new Wal-Mart store. on that point are some extracts of my research are mentioned below Operational Strategy According to m each productive financial advisors, Operations strategy for any business has a direct impact on the gainfulness directs and corporate strategy. Structural design is the main element of the trading operations strategy. As the Company X is runnel its business as a retail outlet and want to check off the new business operation strategy for new Wal-Mart store. There are some key points for the structural design of new operations strategy. Meet the objective demand As the company is opening its new Wal-Mart store at the brink of Essex. So the target guests are the people of Essex. In addition, the company can take advantage wee the new customers because of the location of new Wal-Mart store. It is clear that, the company is going to meet with the blue level of customer demand. In this case, the company need to ensure first that it have the capability to meet with the high level of demands. For this purpose, company should access the target demand level and take certain steps to meet with the target demand. Cost of the products If the company want to win the competitive race, then it should zeal the prices of their products that are unbeatable. Management should set the prices that provide the sober value for their products. Services The management of the new Wal-M art store should ensure to provide the high quality services to potential customer. The management should provide the services according to the customers necessity. Use of Technology In current modern trends, technology is referred as a primary toll for an efficient operations strategy. In the case of retail business technology can be used in effective demeanor to manage the day to day operations of the business. For example, use of security cameras to keep an eye on any unusual activity or use of bar code reader to track all the gross revenue in efficient manner. Layout and design of new Wal-Mart store The secret of efficient operations strategy for any retail business lies in the layout and design of retail outlet. Thats why the management of the new Wal-Mart store should set a catchy layout and design for its new store that will save the time of potential customers. The layout should be in such way that enables the customer to access all the necessary things easily. The manageme nt should set the service layout that can create an open shopping environment that helps the customers to find the things what they are looking for quickly. excerption of Employees Selection of staff for new Wal-Mart store is one of the primary factors that can help to develop good operations strategy. Skilled and trained staff can help to manage the routine operations in more appropriate

Quality of Financial reporting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quality of Financial reporting - Assignment Exampleh of the participation depends on various intangible attributes, it becomes quite challenging to examine its real or developed financial performances (Intel Corporation, 2010).Cost of goods sold The inventory tally regale of Intel is focused on the First-In-First-Out method. To comprehend the press release recognition of the written down values of inventories, the company tends to capitalize interests based on the borrowings treating the grants as spare expenditures for the stock (Intel Corporation, 2010).Operating expenses The depreciation of the tangible assets is calculated in a straight-line method by Intel afterwards capitalizing the interests on borrowings in the net worth of the asset. Impairment costs are charged on goodwill, non-marketable right investments and opposite intangible assets which are also reviewed annually to monitor any changes. The acquisitions during research and development process are also identif ied as an intangible asset liable for amortization costs (Intel Corporation, 2010).Non-operating tax and expenses The net interest income generated by the company is computed after deducting the interest expenses incurred during the fiscal year along with other nets. Equity income is also calculated in relation to both its marketable and non-marketable equity investments. The financial statements of the company also depict the income tax changes along with the probable reasons for such alterations increasing its transparency. The financial statements are epicurean on the discontinued functions in relation to various investment activities initiated by the company (Intel Corporation, 2010).Other issues The consolidate financial statements apparently depict the material alterations caused in relation to outstanding shares of Intel over a apt(p) period of time. The cash flow statement as well as the income statement also depicts the computation process of operating earnings before t axation and after taxation charges following the guidelines of

Compare Jesus in islam and Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

equalise deliverer in islam and Christianity - Essay ExampleChrist was born without a father, but this is non a reflection of Christs power but it is a sign of Allahs serenity and his omnipotence (Caner & Caner 214). The dialogue between Mary and an holy man is recorded in a chapter of Koran 1920-21 which runs almost par eachel to the gospel accounts (Beverly 61). But the divergency between the biblical version and the chronic version is that Koran states that Jesus was born under a palm tree (Beverly 61). And when Mary brought the newly born to her relatives they said, how can we talk to one who is in the rock n roll musician? To this Jews replied Lo I am the slave of Allah. He hath given me the Scripture and hath appointed me a prophet (Surah 1930).Theres a consensus among all sects of Islam that Jesus was a prophet of divinity fudge, but he was not paragon. There is real clear indication both in Quran and hadith (Mohammeds sayings) that Jesus was not the son of God either. The explanation is that God addresses Jesus as his son in the Bible the way he addresses all of humanity as his family. Islam is very clear in that Jesus was not the eternal son of God (Caner & Caner 214). Muslims also believe that Jesus cured the sick and dying only with the help of God. He had miracles of lot people, but this power was not his own, God gave him those miracles. Koran is very clear in stating that Jesus is not the begotten son of God. And anyone who believes that God had a son is a sinner. The famous Muslim philosopher and Persian assimilator Al-Tabari highlights the eternity of human being Jesus Christ but his objection to the divinity of Christ is that if Jesus was Gods son then God would be subjected to change and deprived of his essential unity (Leirvik 113). Islam stands very sloshed and clear about the divinity of Jesus that Christ was a servant, and a prophet of God and this flavour is not subject to interpretation (Ataman 98). This belief

See work below in description Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

See work below in description - Coursework exemplarThe semiconductor markets are so minute to influence the equilibrium of the industry. It is also revealed that the flow of summate of these semiconductors is non reliable and cannot be shout outed. Therefore, it can be termed to be stochastic. Introducing stochastic modeling proficiencys without backorders to the suppliers, ensures that the management is able to predict the supply patterns of its suppliers (Nagle and Hogan, 2006). This allows the introduction of a Reorder Point within their semiconductor inventory, the Reorder point is a particular level of inventory when reached, demands for replacement of depleted bear. Through such a point customary management will reduce the stock outs. To effect on this, an automated inventory control technique ascertains the firm not to be faced by stock depletion. It allows automatic stock taking and stock use to establish the Reorder point. These are essential management tactics that th e universal management ought to knock over.The opposite alternative that the management ought to consider is to identify one of its key suppliers of the semiconductors and negotiate for a merging deal. The merging in this case is a vertical one. In such a deal, two or more(prenominal) firms having different products, but for a particular finished commodity join together to acquire a firm and reliable supply chain. For instance, semiconductors and engines aid in the manufacture if automobile vehicles. Therefore, this is an opportunity that the universal has to consider to stabilize and solve its supply chain problem.The introduction of the stochastic modeling and an automated inventory subroutine is helpful to the firm since they introduce the reorder point to eliminate stock outs. The automated inventory remains allows accuracy and timeliness of stock materials, as well as, to their designated destinations (Nagle and Hogan, 2006). The programming models allow prediction of the stochastic supply patterns, hence, Universal will eliminate

Country brand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Country brand - Essay ExampleThe elements explored in the paper are Tourism, investment funds/Immigration, Culture and Export (Shimp, 2008). The other two elements of the hexagon are touched on briefly, that is the People and Governance. This is because the paper is forge to focus on matters of Nation Branding that are relevant to the creation of value for the Statesn incorporate entities on the global level. Elements of Nation Branding In order to analyze the strategy of branding America, thither is the need to explore the main elements of nation branding strategy. Olin defines a 7 step model that mustiness be followed to draw a nation branding strategy (Molianen & Rainisto, 2009) 1. Define Preliminary Vision 2. examine a Working Group 3. Internal & External Research 4. Formulation of Strategic Plan 5. visualization 6. Implementation of the Plans 7. Testing Implementation & assessment Preliminary Vision The preliminary vision of Americas branding technique is to extend its inf luence over different country through a blend of diplomatic, governmental as well as industrial campaigns (Snow, 2009). This means that the branding of America is handled by the diplomatic corps which has a strong history of promoting America as a brand all over the knowledge domain. There has besides been different governmental projects and units set up over the past years that has been responsible for promoting America as a brand roughly the humanity. ... These questions are as follows Where are we now? How did we get here? Where do we want to be? How do we get there? The United States is the most powerful and most general country in the world today (Wolfe, 2007). It attained its view as a global super-power during and subsequently the Second World War, which saw the influence of America spread throughout Europe and the rest of the world (Houghton, 2009). Since the 1950s, America led the West in gaining influence around the world against the Soviet led vitamin E (Wolfe, 20 07). Due to this struggle, the United States created a very strong network to establish its presence in nations around the globe through various export techniques. This has boosted Americas image around the world. Everyone around the world, from Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and the Middle tocopherol identifies with American movies, clothing, food, books, cars and brands. And this has been the case over the past 20 years after the collapse of the Soviet compact (Houghton, 2009). However, in the era of globalisation, there are competitors that are coming up namely BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & southwestward Africa) as well as old powers like Europe and Japan. There is the need to re-brand and present America in a different light. Currently, the vision of branding America is one that seeks to take advantage of the countrys status as a super power, the countrys past image and global influence as well as Americas competitive strength against the emerging powers. Thus, t he vision of the 21st Century for the branding of USA is as follows 1. Re-branding the world power and presenting it to the world in a different light. 2. Re-igniting the American flame 3. Putting American ingenuity to the doorsteps of the world 4.

Gender Socialization Essay Example for Free

sex Socialization EssayThe term, gender, refers to the socially learned expectations and behaviors associated with being male or female. Gender affects socialization in more ways, and begins primarily at birth. Gender affects how mentions treat their children, how the work field treats males and females, and how severally gender haves friends.The gender of a child is extremely important to the parent. The gender will guide the parent on how to raise and treat the child. Parents are more presumable to be more stern and abrasive with a baby boy rather than a baby girl. Parents of a girl are likely to be more gentle, soft, and patient with the new baby. This gender socialization example is due to our masculine and maidenly culture.The most important and obvious gender socialization example is in the work field. Gender greatly affects the socialization process between males and females. Males are considered to be strong and powerful, while females are thought to be weak and secondary. From the beginning of time, men were to work hard and provide for the family, while females were to take care of the base and children. Today, men are still more likely to be powerful leaders, CEOs, etc however many women are top executives and are very capable of being so.Finally, gender affects the way people choose friends and social activities. Men are more likely to choose other men as friends, and uniform with women. Humans enjoy spending time with people that are similar to themselves. Men will similarly engage in masculine activities such as hunting, fishing, and running, while women engage in feminine activities such as shopping, tanning, and reading. Gender subconsciously helps make our daily decisions. Ive never thought about gender being such an important aspect in our daily lives. Gender affects socialization in so many different ways parents raising their children, the work environment, and choosing friends. Gender socialization is extremely important i n todays society.

Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

Ernest Heming representation EssayErnest Hemingway is a writer kn avouch for his characterizations of men and women. His men course to be very macho and involved in using women for their own personal gain. His women tend to be somewhat naive and overwhelmed with the idea of being with men. As with musical compositiony of Hemingways female characters, Liz in Up in Michigan has taintakenly taken crushed leather for love. Liz is actually somewhat obsessed with Jim discipline from the beginning. Hemingway writes, She liked it approximately how his teeth were when he smiled,that his hair was black on his arms and how white they were higher up the tanned line when he washed up in the washbasin outside the ho work. Liking that do her feel funny. Clearly, sentences like this demonstrate the girlish nature of Liz. She notices all the little things that women notice in infatuation with men. There is no mention of his character, of what kind of man he is, only of his physical chara cteristics. She feels funny indoors thinking about his white skin where it disappears into his clothes. This is the equivalent of the pounding heartbeat of infatuation. In fact, All the succession Liz was thinking about Jim Gil much.He didnt obtainm to notice her much (Hemingway 82). Clearly, the feelings are oneness-sided here. It is unsufferable for Liz to love him if he takes no notice of her. Real love is about reciprocity. As the story goes on, Jim goes out on a hunting trip. She couldnt sleep well from thinking about him except she ascertained it was fun to think about him too (Hemingway 82). She is thinking about him in the ways of a girl, spellbound with every move he makes. She knows nothing of substance about him. Clearly, he is not thinking of her at all.She even goes so far as to think that everything would be all right when he came nucleotide (Hemingway 83). Again, she is pinning her entire identity on this one man who doesnt even give her the term of day. She has no understanding of real love and is actually setting herself up for someone like Jim to use her by being so needy. She has fallen into the female trap of believing in that fairy tale, quixotic love that doesnt exist in reality. She believes he will notice her and realize they were meant to be together.When Jim returns from hunting, he sits and drinks with the boys. Liz tells the reader that She didnt want to go to write out yet because she knew Jim would be coming out and she cherished to see him as he went out so she could take the way he looked up to bed with her (Hemingway 84). Again, as a little girl, she wants to take his image to bed and fantasize about it. She needs one last glimpse of him to make her feel complete. Jim does come out and immediately makes advances toward her in his drunken state.She is excite but feels as though he is finally noticing her. She doesnt want to ruin her chance. As he seduces her, there are phrases like, it was cold but Liz was hot all over from being with Jim. She tells him no but doesnt really mean it, and he basically takes advantage of her. Afterwards, she is cold and miserable and tells the reader that everything matte up gone (Hemingway 85). The story ends with her covering Jim and kissing his cheek as well as trying to jaw to him, but realizing on the dock that a cold mist is coming (Hemingway 85).On the dock, with the cold mist coming (Hemingway 85), Liz has realized that like the barges that disappear earlier in the story, her idea of infatuation is gone. She understands that Jim was simply fulfilling his own physical need and that he has no feelings for her. She understands a basic truth that many men see love and sex completely differently than women do. She has, in effect, grown up. The cold mist coming is the way her life will change now that the illusion of romantic, fairy tale love is gone.Jim has not detect her, and she has paid an extremely high price for misunderstanding his intentions. She wi ll either regulate to value herself more and not be available for every man she likes or she will attach herself to another man like Jim who will take advantage of her and treat her badly, but this time she will be pragmatic in the fact that that is what he will do. She will not wait for the happy ending anymore. Her illusions about infatuation (love) have been shattered, and in a world such as this, she may never learn what real love, mutual trust and respect, is.

Effects of Drinking Alcohol Essay Example for Free

Effects of Drinking Alcohol raiseDrinking intoxi providet is like taking a drug. It is a form of drug abuse, and drug addiction. This is a worldwide problem that many people are involved in. There are good cause of intoxicant if it is in sm every last(predicate) amounts, and in moderation. On the new(prenominal) hand there are severity short and long term effects. The effects that a person will hasten are all based on certain factors like, how much and how often alcohol is consumed, the age of the person, when the person blended and how long they permit been make merrying for, gender, their family history and last moreover not least based on their health. Lately scientists bedevil been saying that a little bit of alcohol with dinner is not only okay but it is also good for you. This is true in moderation. They say that if you drink a small amount of alcohol it will help you sleep. also if you drink a moderate amount every mean solar day it can help your health in the long run. A moderate amount is considered to be 1 drink for women daily and 2 drinks for men daily. This can help bring your HDL level up, which helps protect your boldness against disease that causes heart attacks.Also a moderate amount of alcohol everyday can land your risk of developing diabetes by increasing your insulin sensitivity. It can also raise good cholesterol levels. In the long run they have said that for women it helps keep the mind sharp in later years. flat when they talk about having a facilitatory amount of alcohol they mean small doses of it a day with a meal, so that the engrossment rate is slowed down. Now this doesnt mean that a person should start imbibition for the benefits that it gives, it just means that if you drink in moderation already it could be slightly helpful to you in the future.If you take advantage of that and drink in excess there are effects that you should be aware of. Contrary to more or less beliefs, alcohol is a depressant. Thi s is the opposite of a stimulator, meaning that it calms you down, and slows down some organs in your body. Alcohol therefore has short term effects on your body. With about 0. 05% blood- alcohol level you start to involve dulled judgment and your inhibitions are released. After that stage you start to draw clumsy and will have slurred speech with about a 0. 10% blood-alcohol level.Once you ascend close to unconsciousness you have a 0. 30% blood-alcohol level. After that point it starts to get dangerous, because you can go into a coma at 0. 45%, and then at 0. 70% the learning ability starts to shut murder and stop controlling things like breathing, and your heart, which will end up in death. These facts are not meant to panic you, because most people cant drink past 0. 40% because they are asleep. Some other short term effects accommodate blackouts, where you cant remember what happened, and insomnia, where you cant take asleep.While you are drinking you will be less alert, less aware of your surroundings, lose your herculean coordination, have difficulty walking, have blurred vision, and have slow reaction times. This can lead to accidents, injuries, and death. Also after drinking you may get a hangover the next morning which will include effects like headaches, nausea, thirst, heartburn, dizziness, and fatigue. If you are not careful with the amount of alcohol that you drink you can get some spoiled side-effects. Once you start to become addicted to alcohol you are considered an alcoholic.There are many long term effects that come along with drinking lots of alcohol for a prolonged amount of time. Drinking alcohol like this will damage your organs, like the brain, liver, stomach, intestines, and heart. The brain is affected, because brain cells die which leads to memory loss, confusion, learning difficulties, problems with attention, and brain disorders. The liver is effected, because cancer can develop there, and also in the mouth and throat. The stomach may acquire ulcers. From prolonged drinking you can have a stroke, or have heart failure.The nervous system can also get damaged, and when this happens the person will get physical and behavioral problems. Impaired vision can also be a result of this emblem of drinking. It also affects your health. One discernment for this is because alcohol is high in calories which can lead to obesity. Another reason is that poor nutrition normally comes side by side with lots of drinking. This could be because the alcohol interferes with the absorption and storage of the vitamins you get. Also the water soluble minerals get lost because of the increased urination that happens.Because of the lowered health you also have a lowered resistance to infections. Some other less serious effects of prolonged drinking are vomiting, profuse sweating, hallucinations, tremors, and sleep disturbances. All of these problems can quickly lead to combat injury to oneself or to others, violence, and deat h. Also it leads to a loss of employment, and a loss of family life. If you are addicted to alcohol or drink a lot of alcohol for a long period of time you will sign on your life span by about 12 years, and get a lot of serious side-effects.In conclusion alcohol can affect your life in a good or bad way depending on how you drink, how often you drink, and how much you drink. It is better to drink in moderation, and responsibly. This normally means drinking only 1 to 2 glasses a day with a meal, and to also have a healthy diet that goes along with that. Otherwise the health benefits of drinking alcohol are gone, and replaced with some dread side-effects. Everyone can make their own decision on what drinking in moderation is and what drinking responsibly means, but everyone should be informed with the facts.

The effects social media has on teenagers Essay Example for Free

The effects social media has on teenagers Essay descent 1A new study released by researchers at The Miriam Hospitals Centers for Behavioral and noise Medicine shows a link between social media use and poor academic performance illustrating that first women spend upwards of 12 hours a day using some form of social media, And to a greater extent or less four in 10 college students said they could not go 10 minutes with pop out checking one of their wandering devices meaning that when they be preparing for a test or completing homework, every 10 minutes they argon stopping to check their model devices, resulting in them getting caught up in their social lifes rather than them putting all of their focus into their school assignments, Students try to multitask rather than just but their copious attention into their assignments Since social media is still comparatively new, researchers are unable to know the long-term effects. However, if the effects of otherwise entertainment a re considered, such as the time spent watching TV. Studies show that it results in a negative impact on attention and academic performance. Resulting in a decrease in grades and larn to read late and slower.Argument 2If teenagers are used to only having to type the words that they extremity to say to the individuals, when they are face to face with them they will not be used to having to respond right on away When they are in important lifesituations, such as a job call into question they will not be able to seem as good of a candidate if they are unable to give good, solid answers on the spot as the Youtube video made by Ms. deGuzman called I Forgot My Phone suggested having all of these devices at are finger tips may actually cause us to shade more alone, unable to connect with people on are face to face way principal to us feeling like we never have really good company.Read more heart of social media on youth essayArgument 3Amanda Forest, a graduate student in the departme nt of psychological science at the University of Waterloo, has found that individuals with low self-esteem often express a trade of negative emotion on their face book profiles. Resulting in a number of people not reaction to well, making angry and hurtful comments. Overall not being as liked as the people with high self-esteems. This therefore, can further damage that individuals perspective of themselves. Larry Rosen, professor of psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills also found that preteens and teenagers using face book are more prone to anxiety, depression and other psychological disorders A team of researchers from Chicago Universitys Booth blood line School, led by Wilhelm Hofmann, have found that Face book and social media websites may be as addictive as alcohol or cigarettes. As people fear that they will degenerate out on the latest gossip of who is dating who and what party is going on that night. Oh and god forbid they miss the thousand selfie tha t their bff posed.

Asbestos Removal †Essential for Healthy Living Essay Example for Free

Asbestos Removal Essential for Healthy Living EssayFor all those who spend just about of their clock indoors, whether it is their al-Qaida or office, the environment of these living spaces has a straight attain on their health. Therefore, it is indwelling for individuals to realize that atmosphere in which they and their family members live, is secured and healthy. In most commercial and residential builds, asbestos is used quite extensively. With high pliable strength, it is a highly heat resistant material that comes with good insulating properties.Asbestos is mostly used in manufacturing mental synthesis materials such roofing, ceiling tiles, insulators and many other building supplies. It is considered a harmless material provided that the building tally in which it is used is undamaged. However, with the depletion of these building products, it becomes necessary to remove them as it starts releasing instant asbestos fibers into the air. Generally, most of these building supplies are labeled to indicate whether they comprise asbestos or not. If there is no such label, it becomes very essential to opt for asbestos testing Toronto to verify any presence of asbestos. Such tests help to ensure that the home is gum elastic and free from exposure to asbestos.Asbestos may have harmful effects on the health as minute particles might get breathed into the lungs that rump be cause of lung diseases. For this reason, asbestos removal Barrie is so important. As asbestos is commonly used in the manufacture of building materials due to its high insulating qualities thus it is crucial to test asbestos when individuals renovate or shift into a new house. It is always a good choice to hire experienced passe-partouts expert in the technique of asbestos removal as they are aware of the set rules and regulations.One the most common organic contaminations that might occur indoors are the make fors, which are mostly seen in places that need proper ventilat ion and have presence of any damp areas inside the home or office. Molds thunder mug be found mostly in ceilings, wallpapers, underneath carpets, basements, bathrooms, kitchens, and places near a wet area. Even though it is very minute and can be hardly seen with naked eyes, it can be cause of mixed health issues. Mold inspection Toronto becomes apparent, if individuals happen to detect any signs of molds at their home or office.Molds can be easily removed with help of mold removal Barrie services. The presence of molds would not only affect the health but also damage the house, making it unsafe and unhealthy for the occupants. In such circumstances, mold testing Toronto helps to identify the type of mold, the degree of damage and the techniques required to remove them. When individuals hire services of professional experts, they can be assured that mold would be completely removed and that no place in the home or office is left out. Molds can affect health of those persons trying to remove molds on their own. Thus, it is necessary that this task is carried out by someone who has knowledge and experience to perform the work expeditiously and effectively. The most vital thing is to take act immediately whenever there is any indication that the home or office has been attacked by molds.

European Recovery Program Essay Example for Free

European Recovery Program EssayHis proposal would become known as the European Recovery Program, better known as the marshal formulate. In his speech marshall all-encompassing an offer to the Soviets. Certainly all of Europe was included in the proposal. Stalin was interested in the plan. Lenin had spoken of switch with the communist enemy when that enemy was in collapse. Stalin thought that if these were the correct circumstances then the Soviets could use the Marshall excogitate as they wished. Such was not the case. American opposition to the platform included such conservatives as Taft on the Right and Wallace on the Left. This opposition was much weakened by the seizing of the democratic presidency of Czechoslovakia in February 1948 (Kunz par. 20). Before that, in September, 1947, Andrei Zhdanov of the Politburo spoke before the Cominform for Eastern Europe to assert that the imperialists were trying to actualise fascist regimes (Zhdanov par. 2). He wanted the imperi alist intrigues to be contained. George Kennan also wanted containment- of the communists and, if need be, of the Soviets.Kennan and William Clayton, both of the US State Department, had contributed greatly to the origination of the Marshall Plan. Kennan thought the world was becoming polarized into giant camps of freedom vs. everyone else. The Soviet Union as the centerpiece of concern would come later. Bernard Baruch, an American advisor, had introduced the term rimed War in April, 1947 (Cold War par. 1). Meanwhile, the communists of France and Italy were of immediate threat in westerly Europe. These two nations were part of the fifteen nations that the Marshall Plan would aid.The others were Austria, Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iceland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey (Marshall Plan par. 21). President Truman signed the Marshall Plan on April 3, 1948. The major items for the Europeans in 1948 were to be coal, stee l, grains, and machinery (Judd par. 9). In the first year, food constituted half of all of the Marshall aid. over the long haul, sixty percent was spend on food, fertilizer, and industrial goods. One sixth of the total was for fuel. some other one sixth was spent on machinery and vehicles. In sum, thirteen billion dollars of aid passed from the USA to Western Europe from 1948 to 1951 (DeLong and Eichengreen par. 3). The food, feed, and fertilizer consumed a little over three billion dollars of the total. Shortly after the Marshall Plan went into effect, Italys anti-communist and pro-Marshall Plan party won a majority. And then in France, after the communists won a plurality in 1945, they were on their way out in 1951 due to French scotch successfulness.This prosperity in France and elsewhere was not of a minor magnitude. After 1948 Western Europe got its greatest economic growth ever recorded. The German part of the recovery became known as the wirtschaftwunder, or economic miracl e (Kunz par. 3). Meanwhile, in Eastern Europe, the Soviets were determined to see central planning become a reality. To that end, a forced industrialization was started which was to remove Eastern Europe from any influence by the Marshall Plan.Eastern European nations became satellites of the Soviets, as members of the Warsaw Pact, and got little civilian education in exchange for military support and control. The end products of be and the harvests were directed to the Soviets. No financial or economic stability was developed by these countries. The Marshall Plan made the division of Europe definitive. The Plan seriously damaged the Western European communists efforts. Furthermore, the Marshall Plan has been termed inconceivable without the Cold War (Cronin 281).Soon enough, not only was the Marshall Plan in issue to aid in the restoration of Western Europe, but it became a vital component in the Cold War. In the Cold War in Western Europe, Germany was a key country. It was to be split in two with the former Allies of WWII in Western Germany and the Soviets in Eastern Germany. But an odd development came about with Berlin, also spilt into east and west components, existing deep within Soviet controlled East Germany. This did not sit well with the Soviets and so they began a blockade of highways and roads into West Berlin in June, 1948.

Ethics and Morality Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Morality EssayFacing ethical conflicts and moral dilemmas are an eitherday honesty in nursing profession. Examples of ethical conflicts and moral dilemmas in health care are euthanasia undercoverity. These bioethical dilemmas are affecting health care professionals, specifically the nurses. The term Euthanasia is from a Greek word for computable death and in English it means an easy death or the painless inducement of cursorily death. Easy death is divided into two categories passive euthanasia, which involves doing nothing to preserve life and progressive euthanasia, which requires actions that speed the process of dying. Dilemmas on euthanasia are terribly hunting the nurses as a profession. finale a unhurrieds life by way of active or passive euthanasia is an issue relating the patients autonomy in choosing whats best for himself. For the individuals has the dignity that attaches to personhood by reason out of the freedom to take ones own life. Euthanasia is such a difficult designate of decision making with regards to the nursing profession. For the major purpose of nursing care delivery is the pursuit of health, with the ginmill of death and alleviation of sufferings as a secondary goal.The American Hospital Associations Patients Bill of Rights rules 5 and 6 outline the individuals right to privacy in health care. 5. The patient has the right to every consideration of his privacy concerning his own medical care program. Case discussion, consultation, examination and treatment are confidential and should be conducted discreetly. Those not directly involved in his care must have permission of the patient to be present. 6. The patient has the right to expect that all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential.Confidentiality is an important health care morals of trust that patients place on nurses. A great barrier between nursing practitioners and patient would exist if the patient felt th at information in regard to his or her body condition was the subject of release to publications. Fear of disclosure has in the past led bush league with sexually transmitted diseases to suffer without care rather than to seek aid, knowing that the system required by the health care system is to notify their parents.But before nurses will engage or move into in decision making concerning bioethical dilemmas, they should be competent enough in clinical ethics. For without clinical ethics competence, nurses will not be viewed as participants in clinical ethics and discussion and will not be valued by patients families and other health care professionals when discussing ethical discussion. Thats why they should be more knowledgeable about the interaction of ethical and moral issues that affect the grounding and public policy decisions.A sense of powerlessness and moral distress in nursing a good deal leads to inaction rather than the leadership necessary to meet the patients needs for nursing and health care. Nurses have an ethical and legal obligation to be competent practitioners. Moral thinking and ethical knowingness are aspects of competent nursing practice. Thus, if nurses are to be excellent nurses and participants in decision making, it is important that nurses should defecate ethics and laws.

Apollo 13 Essay Example for Free

Apollo 13 EssayFor those not old enough to have lived through it, a layer of shooting for a landing on the moon, suffering an explosion on the spacecraft on the way to the moon, not landing on the moon, and then narrowly making it home to Earth is the story of Apollo 13. When facing issues, conflicts, and the attainment of goals, having the resources of a fully functional director and team are irre shoot for competent. A manager that has clear goals and strategies in place is more likely to succeed even when faced with the greatest types of adversity. each employee of NASA should know about the tragic event of Apollo 13. The background of the team began with the completion between the U. S. and Russia and their space geographic expedition programs. What started out as a routine trip to the moon and back soon became one of the biggest crises NASA had always induced. From understanding the plight of the spacecraft, to knowing what needed to be done, to creating a CO2 converter out of materials scarcely unattached on the spacecraft, the flight is a clear lesson on how to manage a team in a crisis.In many projects, it always comes back to a stressful situation, where quick decisions essential be made which have a major impact on the achievement of the task at hand. many an(prenominal) managers often ask for advice on how to handle much(prenominal) situations in order to be a best leader and achieve maximum results. In order to be an effective manager and to be able to influence other and exercise high degrees of control, some rules should be followed. I will give a few examples of how constituent Kranz managed to promote teamwork and to achieve the best possible solutions despite unprecedented problems, lack or resources and time pressure.One must remain optimistic and believe in themselves and the team to achieve a set goal. Without personal convictions managers will not be able to motivate the team to developed bare-assed solutions, continue to w orking and foster collaboration. Gene demonstrated principled management and a leadership in demanding the best from his team while respecting their efforts no matter the outcome. One great thing about Genes management was that is set a standard of excellence. With statements like I dont anguish about what anything was meant to do, I care about what it can do. This set in motion self-management by diverse supporting teams. This shows us big lessons that we can apply to other environments. Make sure to clearly nominate roles and responsibilities of each and every team member. Communication is also a key in managing a team effectively. In the movie one of the team members unplugs his TV and takes his phone off the hook which cost everyone assess time and input in puzzle out this crisis. Managers should make sure they can get in oppose with employees. Create a policy if you must.An over authoritarian way of life of management with a top crush principal is sometimes inappropria te. Managers often give instructions, tasks and fiat without asking the employee for their opinion. In contrast managers with a cooperative democratic style of management involve employees in decision making. Decisions are taken after exposit discussion in working groups. Information should be forwarded to a great extent through every last(predicate) communication channels. Gene Kranz was drawing at the board and listened to his team and their suggestions. And they tout ensemble discussed the suggestions in concert.Without this democratic management style of Gene Kranz, the team would not have been as successful. Another issue is to work the problem correctly. formation the problem is the hardest part of problem solving. As a manager it is important to define and communicate the problems which must be solved. Otherwise, no team will be able to find suitable solutions. Gene Kranz identify all the problems and formed special teams to address them. He made it clear to the teams whi ch objects could be used. Only the objects that were getable to the astronauts could be used.He wasted no time in complaining about what objects were not available or missing to solve the problem. He was action oriented and emphasized problem solving. It is also important to be a visible manager or leader. A good manager shoulders responsibility and conveys to all team members that they will work through the problem. Another trait of an effective manager is respect for others. to a fault often in todays corporate environment, we dont respect the judgment of those in reality doing the work. Moreover, a crisis is not a time for accusations.The primary objective should be to handle the situation together and make the best of it. Gene Kranz did not ask at any time after the explosion, how such an explosion could have happened. Neither the astronauts nor Mission Control would have benefitted from the discussion of guilt, creative problem solving was much more important. In spite of al l the negative talk, Gene told them failure was not an option, and they did not fail. Building perpetrate must be combined with effective communication. Its benefit was evident in the motion picture through the obstacles the team overcame.As a team grows together through strong management, their level of trust to achieve a collective goal, individuality becomes less important and the teams objective is placed in the forefront. Action orientation becomes second nature, and feedback is open and honest. Combined, these improve the overall success and functionality of the manager, employee relationship. Finally, nobody wants to experience crisis such as the one in Apollo 13, however there will always be unorthodox problems and managers will have to challenge the situations.An effective manager should place themselves in Gene Kranzs place for internalizing his way of leading a team. In addition, difficult situations that happen in the past should be examine for developing suggestion s for managers to learn how to act in prospective situations. Every crisis is unique and demands an individual solution however for learning how to find the best solution, act right as a manager and motivate your team. beingness successful and solving problems in a creative way is just but one persuasion of being an effective manager and leader for your team.

Anthony Davis Essay Example for Free

Anthony Davis EssayMy research is on the subject of Anthony Davis Jr. He was born on March 11, 1993. He was born in gelt Illinois. Davis is the son of Anthony Davis Sr. and Erainer Davis. He has a twin sister, Antoinette and an older sister, Iesha who also plays basketball at Daley College. He attended Perspectives charter since the sixth grade. He is a freshman that attends Kentucky State University. He was voted National impostor of the Year, and 2012 SEC Newcomer of the Year. Davis is very committed to his team who is coached by John Calipari he was being mentioned as the NBA draft first overall selection in the 2012 NBA Draft. His team plays in the SEC (Southeastern conference).He plays forward-center and is takings 23 on the Kentucky Wildcats. His team won the 2012 NCAA championship.Anthony is a tremendous shot blocker with great coat and length. He can make 3-pointers, dribble the ball and he can get up and grim the court faster than some of our guards because of his long, looping strides. Hes a different player than Marcus Camby, but hes physically frontwards of where Marcus was to start his freshman season. Head coach John Calipari.Davis was named as one of the finalists for the 2012 Olympic basketball team. Davis would be the first American player since Emeka Okafor (2004 Athens Games) to have competed in the Olympics without any NBA experience. On October 20, 2011, Davis was one of triple Kentucky Wildcats named to the 12-man pre-season watch list for the 2012 Wayman Tisdale Award. In late February, Dick Vitale mentioned that it could be possible that Davis might complete the mens college basketball awards Grand Slam of National impostor of the Year, No.1 Overall Pick in the Upcoming Draft, Defensive Player of the Year, and Freshman of the Year. He was the second freshman to receive the MVP award.

Ukraine Facts Essay Example for Free

Ukraine Facts EssayUkraine is determined in southeastern Europe, occupying the northern shore of the Black Sea. Its former ruler, Russia, borders it to the east and northeast, with Belarus to the north and Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and Moldova to the west. Europes second-largest ground (behind Russia), it occupies 603,700 square miles in area, 56% percent of which includes rich arable land, found in the nations plains (steppes) and plateaus only the far western and Crimean regions are relatively mountainous and the nations highest point, Hora Hoverla, is 6762 feet to a higher place sea level (The World Factbook). The Dnieper River, Ukraines most important waterway, bisects the country and is the location of the capital, Kiev. Its climate and hastiness vary greatly, with the Crimea enjoying a Mediterranean climate and cool winters. The remainder of the country is temperate, with generally warm summers and winters alter from moderately to extremely cold. History Thou gh modern Ukrainian independence arrived in 1991, after the Soviet Union dissolved, it was a strong nation in the tenth and eleventh centuries, before internal divisions and distant invasions placed it under Polish and Lithuanian rule for several centuries.Between the mid-seventeenth and late 8eenth centuries, Ukrainian Cossacks (the nomadic peoples known for their horsemanship and fighting skill) helped win the nation its independence. However, Ukraine fell under Russian rule in the late eighteenth century and remained Russian-controlled, except for a brief period between 1917 and 1920. During Russias rule, Ukraine was smitten by famines (particularly in 1921-22 and 1932-33) which killed over eight million citizens, and it suffered considerably during World War II, losing an additional eight million during the Nazi invasion and subsequent Soviet offensive (The World Factbook).Though Ukraine achieved independence once again in 1991, it remained a dictatorship under some degree o f Russian control, afflicted by depravity that stymied efforts at political and economic reform. The 2004 election of reformer Viktor Yushchenko as president (despite the oppositions efforts to go down the election and poison the pro-democracy candidate) marks a potential turning point in Ukrainian account Culture Despite its long periods of foreign occupation, Ukraine has managed to retain its distinctive culture, particularly its language, which closely resembles Russian and uses the Cyrillic alphabet like most other Slavic languages.However, its ethnic minorities continue to use their own languages, though (mainly Russian, with small pockets of Poles, Rumanians, and Hungarians). Communist rule discouraged religious belief, but since 1991 Ukraines religious practices revived, with slightly less than one-half of the population adhering to the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. Slightly more than one-third of Ukrainians still practice no religion or belong to no church, while there also rather small minorities of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews (The World Factbook). subsequently attaining independence, Ukraine was slow to adopt democracy, though calls for reform and Yushchenkos election signal the nations disposition to orient itself toward Western Europe and adopt both democracy and a free-market economy. Its economy, initially slow to prosper, has receptive itself to foreign business and improved within the last few years.REFERENCESAnonymous. (1996). Welcome to Ukraine. Retrieved 30 January 2006 from http//www. ukraine. org/. (2006). CIA The World Factbook Ukraine. Retrieved 30 January 2006 from http//www. cia. gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/up. htm

Strengthsquest My Five Strengths English Language Essay

Strengthsquest My Five Strengths English Language EssayStrengthsQuest is an activity that wad can do to take in emerge the five dollar bill major qualities that they posses. This process involves taking a visitation that requires you to answer questions corresponding, Would you ratheror? And I am more likely tothan Answering these questions gives the StrengthsQuest program attainment to determine what a persons top five themes argon and also provides you with a description of each of the characteristics. some possible products of finding out your strengths might let in higher aims of engagement in the learning process, learning to take the perspective of others who atomic number 18 real several(predicate) from adeptself, higher levels of academic achievement, ability to run into an aw atomic number 18 course choice, or the development of leadership (Schreiner). I agree with Schreiner because once a person knows what their strengths are and what they could possibly d o with the rest of their lives, they could really claim started on a successful path. Another microscope stage that she menti whizd was that by using this tool, it could help a person to make an informed career decision. This is a very good point because students with an undecided major may wish sightly a little excitant near what would be right for them, and by doing the StrengthsQuest test they could find what they are really good at and what career pathway would work best for their personality. When I took this SrengthsQuest test, I was very pleased with the results that I received. My five themes turned out to be includer, restorative, colloquy, woo, and empathy. In the future, I want to become a alveolar hygienist and I trust that my five strengths are exit to help me be very successful in my career choice.ThemesIncluder. By the definition of StrengthsQuest, being an includer means, Stretch the circle wider. This is the philosophy nigh which you orient your life. You want to include lot and make them impression part of the group. In direct contrast to those who are drawn however to exclusive groups, you actively avoid those groups that exclude others. You want to expand the group so that as many an(prenominal) large number as possible can benefit from its support. You hate the sight of someone on the alfresco looking in, you want to draw them in so that they can feel the warmth of the group. You are an instinctively accepting person. Regard slight of race or sex or nationality or personality or faith, you upchuck few judgments. Judgments can hurt a persons judgements. Why do that if you dont fuck off to? Your accepting nature does not necessarily rest on a belief that each of us is different and that one should paying concern these differences. Rather, it rests on your conviction that fundamentally we are all the same. We are all equally important. Thus, no one should be ignored. Each of us should be included (StrenthsQuest). This des cription of an includer sounds like the kind of person I am. I am everlastingly volitioning to let other people in on what is breathing out on in my life and I feel like this is an important attri excepte for being a dental hygienist. Dental hygienists requisite to welcome an interest in working with people and working as a member of a team (alis.alberta.ca, 2007). For example, if you find that there is some topic seriously wrong with a childs tooth or mouth when you are working on them, it is important for the dental hygienist to be able to include the guardian of the child and your boss with what is going on. The best option is to include the people around you to find out what is best to do in a situation like this. If you are a person who does not like to include people with what is going on around you, and would rather try to fix it yourself, you could get yourself into trouble by not attempting the right procedure to fix the problem with the childs mouth. This could cost you your job, so you need to include your boss to receive a second opinion. Being an includer as helped me in the past by everlastingly bringing in brisk faces to my group of friends. By doing this, I harbour always had a new perspective on what people recollect or feel. This has helped me bring new ideas to the table, which has made me fetch what I really stand for. This has also helped me make authorized I am doing the right thing by getting other peoples advice to see what I should do in a serious situation, like I will in my career pathway. If something is needing to be done that is serious enough to hurt my patients health, or my career, I will always ask the patient, patients guardian, or my boss. I feel like I recieved my includer feature from my mother. She always told me to never leave anyone out, and in the long run it is paying off.Restorative. This was my second result from StrengthsQuest. harmonise to StrenghtsQuest restorative means, you revere to solve proble ms. Whereas some are dismayed when they ecounter yet another breakdown, you can be energized by it. You enjoy the challenge of analyzing the symptoms, identifying what is wrong, and finding the solution. You may prefer practical problems or conceptual ones or personal ones. You may seek out specific kinds of problems that you have met many times before and that you are confident you can fix. Or you may feel the greatest push when faced with complex and unfamiliar with(predicate) problems. Your exact preferences are determined by your other themes and experiences. But what is certain is that you enjoy bringing things support to life. It is a wonderful feeling to identify the undermining factors, eradicate them, and restore something to its true glory. Intuitively, you know that without your intervention, this machine, this technique, this person, this company-might have ceased to function. You stubborn it, resuscitated it, rekindled its vitality. Phrasing it the way you might, you saved it (StrengthsQuest). I would consider myself a restorative because I have never enjoyed conflict. Whenever I see someone or a group of friends fighting, I always love to steadiness the problem by babble outing it out with both sides of the situation. Dental hygienists also need to have the ability to work with people (mhcc.edu, 2010). With my ability to work with people and solve their problems, I can declaration problems in the office. If a fellow employee is discussing some issues that they are having with someone in the office, I will feel like it is my duty to resolve the problems that they are having. I know that other people may think that it is none of my business, but I like to resolve problems. I will feel like I have to solve the issue in order to work in a peaceful working environment. Being a restorative has helped me in the past by almost never having conflict in my group of friends and devising my life more demonstrable. I remember I was always being the one to resolve the problems, and I feel like this has helped me out in my past by always having a positive feeling around me so I could concentrate on what I really valued to achieve. The source for me being a restorative would be myself. I have always felt the need to never have negativity around me so I would always make the initiative to resolve problems.Communication. My number three strength is communication. According to strengthsquest, this is what it means. You like to explain, to describe, to host, to speak in public, and to write. This is your communication theme at work. Ideas are a dry beginning. Events are static. You feel a need to bring them to life, to energize them, to make them exciting and vivid. And so you turn events into stories and practice make outing them you take the dry idea and enliven it with images and examples and metaphors. You believe that most people have a very short attention span. They are bombarded by information, but very little of it survives. You want your information-whether an idea, an event, a products features and benefits, a discovery, or a lesson-to survive. You want to divert their attention toward you and then capture it, lock it in. this is what drives your hunt for the perfect phrase. This is what draws you toward dramatic words and powerful word combinations. This is why people like to listen to you. Your word pictures pique their interest, sharpen their world, and inspire them to act (StrengthsQuest). Communication has always been the key in my life. I have always believed that the best way to work things out is to talk it out. Communication is going to be a positive attribute when I am a dental hygienist. Excellent verbal and non-verbal communication skills are required for being a dental hygienist (alis.alberta.ca). I am going to need to be able to talk to my boss, co-workers, and my patients. Not only am I going to have to talk to them, but I am going to need to be on their level of communication, and my s trength in communication will make me very successful in this category. As a dental hygienist, you should possess strong interpersonal skills because you will be working with patients on a logical basis (dhschools.com). Communication has helped me get through every aspect in my life. Through my good communication skills, I could always ask people questions if I didnt know the correct one, I could get on a persons level and become better friends with them, and I always got along with my parents because I would always tell them what was really going on in my head. Like being an includer, my mom also has also always taught me to communicate with the people around me so there is less unknown and more known. Communication will be my key to success in my dental hygiene career. speak to. Woo is my fourth outcome of my StrengthsQuest test. Woo stands for winning others over. You enjoy the challenge of pertaining new people and getting them to like you. Strangers are seldom intimidating to you. On the contrary, strangers can be energizing. You are drawn to them. You want to learn their names, ask them questions, and find some area of common interest so that you can strike up a communication and build rapport. Not only are you rarely at a loss for words you actually enjoy initiating with strangers because you derive satisfaction from breaking the ice and making a connection. Once that connection is made, you are quite happy to wrap it up and move on. There are new people to meet, new rooms to work, new crowds to mingle in. in your world there are no strangers, only friends you havent meet yet-lots of them (StrengthsQuest). Woo is an important attribute to posses in a field that I chose. It is important to make sure that people like you at your job, from your boss to your patients. If you are rude to the people you are around at your job, you could bring down the business of the place because people do not like to be around rude people. Wanting to be liked is a very good quality to have if you proclivity to become a dental hygienist. With the attribute of wanting to get to know people and more about them, you could really create great relationships with your patients. By doing this, your patients could tell their friends or family about how friendly and comfortable you have made them, and that could bring more business to the office. I have always enjoyed meeting new people and getting them to like me, and I feel this will be a very positive feature for me to have for my future.Empathy. My last result is empathy. Empathy isyou can sense the emotions of those around you. You can feel what they are feeling as though their feelings are your own. Intuitively, you are able to see the world through their eyes and dispense their perspective. You do not necessarily agree with each persons perspective. You do not necessarily condone the choices each person makes, but you do pick up. This instinctive ability to understand is powerful. You hear the un voiced questions. You anticipate the need. Where others rassling for words, you seem to find the right words and the right tone. You help people find the right phrases to evoke their feelings-to themselves as considerably to others. You help them give voice to their emotional life. For all these reasons, other people are drawn to you (StrengthsQuest). Empathy is a positive characteristic to have when dealing with patients who might be nervous or scared about coming to the dentist. A dental hygienist should also be caring and compassionate, as well as hard working (dhschools.com). By being able to put yourself in their shoes, you can understand why your patient might be scared, and try to make them understand the process. This might make them less afraid. I consider myself to be very caring and understanding when people talk to me about their problems, and when this happens in my career I feel like I can be successful in making my patients feel more comfortable with going to the d entist office.ConclusionStrenghtsQuest is a great way for people to find out what their strengths are. Sometimes people do not realize what strong qualities that they possess, so just pointing them out can have a great affect on them. Some positive outcomes include higher levels of engagement in the learning process, learning to take the perspective of others who are very different from oneself, higher levels of academic achievement, ability to make an informed career choice, or the development of leadership (Schreiner). Strengthsquest has change my top five strengths to be includer, restorative, communication, woo, and empathy. All of these characteristics have helped me in a positive way passim my life so far and I believe that all of these attributes will have a positive influence on my career as being a dental hygienist, also.

Strategies for Breaking Wireless Protocols

Strategies for Breaking receiving set communications protocolsCHAPTER 1 devilion1.1 Background give outing of radio receiver Net melt is a result of a research Project carried issue by University of Hawaii. Initi e rattling(prenominal)y its c completelyed as Aloha net, but later it purposed to call as radio set Local bea Ne twork or wireless fidelity. At the beginning of aloha net, is capable of slayring 1 to 2 mbps selective information. but oer the last a few(prenominal)er years aloha net changed to wireless local area network and it came with so numerous enhancements to the sign technology.Newer days, radiocommunication lucres become to a greater extent popular than the wired net incomes. The main reason for this is, radiocommunication meshs ar high in portability and the flexibility, increased productivity, and lower installation cost. receiving set Network Devices let utilisationrs to move their laptops from angiotensin-converting enzyme place to an other without warring advantageously-nigh their mesh topology joinivity. Minimizing the wiring gives the maximum flexibility over the network and it reduces the wiring cost for the only(prenominal) network infrastructure.However, when we comparing the credentials factor, wireless networks are to a greater extent compromising to attack by outsider than the wired network. Main reason for this is, some(prenominal)one terminate see and wreak the initial connection by the wireless network. But establishing the initial connection in a wired network is bit difficult than the wireless network.Loss of confidentiality like rallying cry cracking and man in the mediate attacks are typically associated with wireless networks. Some other mode, this bod of attack can comfortably action in wireless Networks rather than the wired network.Even though a wireless network has this kind of problems, its not a failed concept. The main reason for that is we can treasure a wireless network in maximum and make invincible from unauthorised affairrs or attackers.Configuring the wireless devices correctly and accurately can minimise the attacks. We are tone ending to treat about this topic in future.1.2 ObjectivesBreaking wireless protocols is the main verifiable in this project. Mostly the WEP, WPA and WPA2 will be my major preference. So the polish of this research is break the wireless protocol and get selective information from the wireless devices and the network.1.2.1 Comparison of Hacking Tools Available. there are lots of tools that can use to hack a wireless protocol. Some of the tools are very user friendly. We can install it on our Windows Based Systems and it does our work very easily. Those tools are ascorbic acid% Graphical User Interface and very weak to use. AirCrack-ng Windows mutation is the common example.But Some Other tools are addressable we need to piddle several(prenominal) technical knowledge to use those tools. Mainly those tools run on command base mode and runnel platform is Linux. These tools do not suffer any graphical user Interface, and bit difficult to occur out without any proper guidance. But the last-place result is very accurate than the windows meter reading.The major difference betwixt these two types of tools are the package which runs on linux is more accurate than the Windows version. So I boast pertinacious to use Linux version hacking software system to harbor out my testing.But to hack a wireless network we need few of software to download from the internet. And so we can install those on a Linux tool and we can start the research. But, I think its very easy to use a one operate System rather than struggling with lots of softwares. So I decided to download latest version of worlds famous Hacking Operating System Back footmark. It has built in hacking tools that need to hack a wireless network.1.2.2 Downloading related software.Back Track is free to download, and its contribute so urce. whateverone can download Back Track from its developers web site www.backtrack-linux.org for free. So I have downloaded the latest version of Back Track v4 to carry out my research. We will discuss about BackTrack in further chapters.1.2.3 Cracking WEP Using AirCrack-ngIn order to crack a WEP parole, I have chosen few amazing tool. That is BackTrack 4 Hacking Operating System. It has all the hacking tools to crack a WEP Network. Airodump-ng can use to get the information about the wireless network and then I can use the Aircrack-ng to crack the password.1.2.4 Cracking WPA Using AirCrack-ngWe Can Use the same Process to Crack the WPA utilize AirCrack-ng. Same as in WEP I am going to use the Airodump-ng and Airoreply-ng to collect all the informations about the wireless Network and AirCrack-ng to decrypt the Password.1.2.5 Cracking WPA2 Using CowpattyIn here, I am going to use a special cracking Software to crack WPA2. The software is Cowpatty. Cowpatty bit different than Air crack-ng. And cowpatty specially designed to crack WPA and WPA2 Passwords.All these tools are built-in tools which we can find in the BackTrack4 Linux found operating system. So I dont need to download these softwares from the internet.1.3 Dissertation StructureThis corroboration mainly divided in to 4 Main Chapters. Including entire Practical and theoretical concepts.Chapter 1 footIn this section, I am going to give a introduction about what is wireless Network, Start of the Wireless Network and Basic Problems that wireless Networks faced. In the Second Section ex on the face of it about the whole Research objectives and aims.Chapter 02 Literature ReviewThis Chapter Consist all the theoretical informations relating to my research. In here I am discussing about wireless Networks and its Types, Wireless Network Devices, Security Methods that WLAN Uses, WLAN Security Protocols, Deep intervention about WEP, WPA and WPA2, Protocol Hacking tools like Air Crack-ng, Cowpatty, and Hacki ng Methods that use by the Hacking tools. Eg Dictionary Attacks, Brute Force Attacks etc.Chapter 03 MethodologyIn here, I am going to show my Practical Work that I have done all over my research. Installing the Hacking OS, Use of Hacking tools, Problems Faced all over the project and the final results will be my main concerns.Chapter 04 Result and DiscussionsIn this section I am comparing all the results I have gain all over my project.Chapter 05 ConclusionsThis Chapter will be my conclusions of the Research. In here i am planning to compare my final result and the objectives in my initial project proposal.CHAPTER 02 Literature persuasion2.1 Wireless NetworksWireless Networks enables to communicate devices without any physical media. These Networks are divided to three main categories match to their communication level. Those are, Wireless Local Area Network, Wireless Wide Area Network, Wireless Personnel Area Network.Wireless Wide Area Network has larger coverage than the WLAN and WPAN. WWAN uses 2G or 3G Cell re piece Networks to connect each and every device in the network. WLAN represents local area network that connected using wireless access point or a wireless router includes 802.11. WPAN is a small network topology. This includes Bluetooth and Infrared technologies.2.1.1 Wireless Local Area NetworksAs I Mentioned earlier, Wireless LANs has more portability and flexibility over traditional Wires Local Area Networks. In WLAN, All the Computers and other devices connect to each other using Wireless addition Points also called as APs. And Access points communicated with the Wireless Network Adaptors that fixed in to computers. Access Points commonly has coverage are up to 75-100 meters. In that area users can move their laptops and other wireless devices tour maintaining their network connections. We can connect access points together and expand the wireless LANs coverage.In my thesis, I am going to discuss more about wireless LAN in further chapt ers.2.1.2 Wireless Wide Area NetworksThis is the virtually familiar wireless Network type for everyone. This networks are Combinations of few WLANs. In these networks, Antennas acts as the access point for all WLANs. There are connections mingled with Antennas to Antennas, to expand the overhaul of the network. quick Phone Networks also a good example for WWAN Networks.2.1.3 Wireless Personnel Area NetworksThese Networks are so smaller when comparing to the other networks. It does not give much coverage as other 2 network type we discuss earlier. And this network does not require Main Access Point to make the connection with other WPAN Devices. Source WPAN device directly connect to the other WPAN device when its needs to transfer selective information.2.2 Wireless Local Area NetworksThis is the most important topic of my thesis. We are going to discuss about this topic all over the project. As I mentioned in my objectives I am going to crumple the security of WLAN and Break few of WLAN Protocols. Before that we need to get a crown Idea about What is WLAN? and How it operates?WLAN is same as the wired Local Area Network. But the only difference is, its using wireless method to connect all devices. WLAN combined with the thickening Station and the Wireless Access point.The Client Station connects to the AP (Access point) using the wireless Network Adaptor. We can connect the wireless adaptor to the computer using Personal Computer Memory Card International (PCMCIA) slot or using the USB Port.IEEE 802.11 is the Standard of WLAN technology. The coverage of the Wireless network totally relay on the Strength of the Wireless Access Point. Normally its can covers up to 75-100 meters circular area.2.2.1 Architecture of 802.11 StandardsThis architecture allows initiating a peer to peer connection between Client Station and the wireless Network based on access point in an infrastructure network (WLAN). The coverage area of an access point called as a Cell. A Cell also called as Basic Service Set (BSS). The assembly other cells of the infrastructure network called as Extended Service Set (ESS).Any access point that work with 802.11 standards has this 2 entropy sets for their functionality.BSS is the most important data set in the Access point. BSS contain all the information about wireless Network. This is the security cite negotiation protocol of the Access point. BSS consist of APs computer hardware name, Communication protocol informations, Signal strength etc.The Access Point identify in the WLAN using a specific identifier. This is called as Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID). When Laptop or any other wireless device needs to connect to wireless network via access point, the guest institutionalise (Eg Laptop) searches for the available access points in the area by releasing discovery packets. If there any access points available, APs respond to the guest invest by sending the BSSID.Normally BSSID is in a Human exonerated format . BSSID also called as AP Name or Router Name by Technical soulals. This identifier always represents a specialized Access point. Likewise each and every access point of the network has its own BSSID.NOTEBSSID is very important to accomplish my main objective of the project. We need to retrieve the routers BSSID before we crack the routers password. We can discuss about the retrieving methods in future chapters.2.2.2 Advantages of WLANsFollowing are the advantages.Increased Mobility- Users can be mobile part accessing to all the network resources.Fast Installation Installation of the network is very quick since there no adding wires like wired network.Flexibility anyone can easily install and uninstall a small wireless Network.2.2.3 Wireless Protocols Use in Wireless NetworksThere are 3 main wireless protocols use by the 802.11x wireless networks. Those are,Wired Equivalent occultivenessThis Protocol primarily protect the WLAN uses being a victim from eavesdropping. WEP uses 64 bit RC4 key to generate encrypted data and then those encrypted data transferred over the network.Wi-Fi defend Access This is introduced by the Wi-Fi Alliance to overcome certain restrictions in WEP. This uses Temporal Key equity Protocol (TKIP) to encrypt the wireless data packets.Wi-Fi Protected Access Version 2 This is the latest movement in wireless LAN Protocols. Only the Difference is WPA 2 introduces sensitive AES algorithm to be much more ensure than the WPA.These 3 protocols widely using in wireless Networks. Every protocol has significant advantages and disadvantages. In the next chapter I am going to illustrate gets, advantages and disadvantages of each and every protocol.2.2.4 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)WEP is an earmark protocol that use in 802.11 wireless networks to secure all the transmittal data. This protocol introduced in 1997 and main intention was increasing the confidentiality of the data than wired network. Any wireless network that uses WEP encr ypt the data packets using RC4 cipher stream generated by a 64 bit RC4 key.IEEE 802.11 has few basic features when it comes to Security. These concerns put up a better security for the wireless environment. This all security elements embedded in to the wireless network protocols. Following are the basic security concerns in a wireless Network. stylemarkThis is the main goal of the wireless protocols. This means identifying the Client Station by using a password. If any client station failed to comply with this requirement the AP will deny giving the access to the Client Station.IntegrityIn here, the data should not be changed while it transmitting from the AP and/or to the AP. That mean those data should not be a victim of active attack.Confidentialityin this goal, the Protocol should protect the security of all data elements that transmit. In other word, the data should not be a victim of passive attacks.2.2.4.1 stylemark802.11 Networks have 2 kinds of hallmark methods. straig ht-from-the-shoulder System corroboration and Shared Key stylemark.802.11 AuthenticationOpen System AuthenticationShared Key AuthenticationAny Client Station can join The Station should try theTo the network without authentication Network password in order to joinNetworkIn Open system authentication does not use any cryptographic password to gain access to the network. Any client station can connect to the network and use the network resources. As an example, Internet facilitys in a public locations like Air Port or a Bus Station. In these places anyone can connect their Laptop or PDAs to the Wireless Access Point and start browse the internet. No Password required at all to login to the network.In open system method, the client station sends its MAC send for just as a reference to the Access point. whence the AP makes that client as a member of that APs network. The major problem with this authentication mode is its vulnerable to attack.Shared key authentication is password ba sed authentication model. The client must have the password to make the connection with AP. when client made a request to the AP that asking the connection, the AP generate a repugn and send it to the client station. If the client station responds to that challenge correctly AP gives the permission to be a member of wireless network. Figure 2.7 give the clear thought about the Shared Key authentication.Authentication RequestChallengeResponseConfirm the Result2.2.4.2 Integrity802.11 Standards also concerns about the uprightness of the data transmitted. This always checks the data content whether it got changed while happening the transmitting process. It uses Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) approach to check the content of data. formerly the CRC completed those data encrypted by using the RC4 key Stream. On the receiving end, data will be decrypted and again check for CRC to check the truth of the data. If the receiving end CRC value does not match with the initial CRC value the d ata will be rejected and retransmitting will be required.WEP Uses an algorithm called Stream Cipher to encrypt all the data. It expand on the spur of the moment version of key in to a random key stream. The sender encrypts the Plain text on with the bunco key and creates the cipher text. In the receiver end has the same short key to decrypt the data. Once the data stream received by the recipient, it uses the short key to generates cipher text back to plain text.If one data bit lost on its way to the goal, the decryption process will direct the data in to incorrect information. To prevent this problem WEP has Cyclic Redundancy Check to keep up the essence Integrity correctly.2.2.4.3 Privacy802.11 standards use cryptographic techniques to concord Privacy. It uses RC4 Symmetric Keys to protect the data. Normally 802.11 standards support different cryptographic key lengths to protect the data from a attack.Generally, WEP supports 40 bit cryptographic key size for the shared key. But numerous vendors support different key sizes like 104 bits and 128 bits. Increasing the key size increases the security of the cryptographic technique.2.2.4.4 Problems with WEPEven though WEP has so many security measurements to protect the transmitting data, it has few failures. These failures make the way, an attacker to break the security of WEP and lost the Integrity and privacy of the transmitting data using WEP.2.2.4.4.1 Shared WEP KeyWEP Uses single security key to Access the network. So this key should be distributed to all the users who access the network. So this security key might go to an attacker very easily who trying to get the access to the network.2.2.4.4.2 WEP Key SizeAs I mentioned earlier, WEP uses 40 bit cryptologic Key Size. This key can be crack very easily regardless of the time. So the encoding key is not sufficient to provide a better security for data.2.2.5 Wi-Fi Protected AccessThis is a WLAN protocol created by the Wi-Fi alliance. This is created because of several weakness of the WEP Protocol. WPA has some advanced features when comparing with WEP. To get the optimum performance from the WPA,The WPA protocol implements the majority of the IEEE 802.11i standard, and was intended as an intermediate measure to take the place of WEP while 802.11i was prepared. Specifically, the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP), was brought into WPA. TKIP could be implemented on pre-WPA wireless network larboard cards that began shipping as far back as 1999 through firmware upgrades. Because the changes required few modifications on the client than on the wireless access point, most pre-2003 APs could not be upgraded to support WPA with TKIP. Researchers have since discovered a flaw in TKIP that relied on older weaknesses to retrieve the key stream from short packets to use for re-injection and spoofing. wiki/WPA2.2.5.1 Features of WPAWPA uses Temporal Key Management (TKIP) as its Key encryption system. WPA does, Data Encryption and und erstanding based on TKIP technology. It uses 128 bits for encryption using RC4 cipher.2.2.5.2 Temporal Key ManagementTKIP on with the WPA has introduced three security features to overcome some security issues that come with WEP networks. TKIP mixing the security key with the initialization vector before it pass it to the cipher routine. In our case TKIP uses RC4 as the cipher. This method avoids certain kind of key attacks that came along with WEP. And then, WPA protects the data packets against reply attacks by implementing a sequence counter to the data stream. Finally its implements a cognitive content integrity check called MIC to check the consistency of the data stream.As i mentioned earlier, TKIP uses Rivest Cipher 4 (RC 4) as its cipher. Rekeying, also an important feature of TKIP. And the most important feature is TKIP always ensure to send data with a Unique Encryption key.But in certain situations it uses same mechanism like WEP. So TKIP also vulnerable to some kind of attacks which WEP faces. Any how the advance development of cognitive content Integrity Check, isolate Key Hashing on every packet, Sequence Counter prevents those attacks successfully.The Best thing is TKIP resolving most of the problems came along with the WEP. The next section discuss about that.2.2.5.3 Michael Message Integrity CodeUnlike WEP, WPA uses special feature to check the integrity of the transmitted message. This is called as Message Integrity Code (MIC). This is also called as Michel. This is a short cryptographic checksum that use to demonstrate a message. This is also known as Message Authentication Code (MAC).This is a 64 bit algorithm that controls several types of attacks like, Splicing Attacks, Payload Truncation, and Fragmentation Attacks.2.2.5.3 extensile Authentication Protocol (EAP)EAP is an Authentication Method that widely use in wireless networks. This is not specifically designed for wireless networks. This can be use to authentication in wired netw ork as well.EAP use to transmit the packets containing Authentication informations. WPA and WPA2 Networks supports 5 EAP Authentication Mechanisms as it Authentication Standards. Those are, EAP-TLS, EAP-SIM, EAP-AKA, PEAP, restrict.2.2.5.3.1 EAP-TLSEAP-Transport Layer Security is well known among Protocol for wireless communication. TLS provide very strong confidentiality for the User Credentials. This uses PKI to secure the communication between the AP and the RADIUS Server.EAP-TLS is the original, standard wireless LAN EAP authentication protocol. Although it is rarely deployed, it is still considered one of the most secure EAP standards available and is universally supported by all manufacturers of wireless LAN hardware and software. Wiki/EAPA compromised password is not enough to break into EAP-TLS enabled systems because the hacker still needs to have the client-side mysterious key. The highest security available is when client-side keys are ho employ in smart cards. This is because there is no way to steal a certificates corresponding private key from a smart card without stealing the card itself. Wiki/EAP2.2.5.3.2 EAP-SIMEAP for Subscriber Identity Module utilize for authentication and Session key distribution using the Global System for spry Communication (GSM) SIM. Wiki/EAP2.2.5.3.3 EAP-AKAEAP for Authentication and Key Management Agreement is used for Authentication and session key distributing using the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). wiki / EAP2.2.5.3.4 PEAPPEAPis a joint proposal by lake herring Systems, Microsoft and RSA Security as an open standard. It is already widely available in products, and provides very good security. It is similar in design to EAP-TTLS, requiring only a legion-side PKI certificate to create a secure TLS tunnel to protect user authentication. Wiki/EAPThere were two PEAP gunman-types certified for the updated WPA and WPA2 standard. They arePEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2PEAPv1/EAP-GTCThe terms PEAPv0 and PEAPv1 refer to the outer authentication method, the mechanism that creates the secure TLS tunnel to protect subsequent authentication transactions. EAP-MSCHAPv2, EAP-GTC, and EAP-SIM refer to the inner authentication method which facilitates user or device authentication. Wiki/EAP2.2.5.3.5 LEAPThe Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP)A proprietary EAP method developed by Cisco Systems prior to the IEEE ratification of the 802.11i security standard. Wiki/EAPLEAP uses a modified version of MS-CHAP, an authentication protocol in which user credentials are not strongly protected and are thus easily compromised. along these lines, an exploit tool called ASLEAP. wiki/EAP2.2.6 Wi-Fi Protected Access 2WPA 2 implements IEEE 802.11i standards same as the WPA. WPA 2 supports go Encryption Standards as the encryption cipher. This is an encryption standard that implement by US Government. 3 hold of ciphers available in the AES. Those are AES 128, AES 192, and AES 256.In WPA2, Advanc ed Encryption Standards using counter Mode-Cipher Block Channing to provide the high confidentiality to the data. MicrosoftWPA2 architecture must contain following network components to provide better security to the network. An Authentication Server to authenticate the users, Robust Security Network to maintain the pathways of associations, and AES based methodology to provide the privacy, integrity and authentication.The authentication server holds all the user name and passwords of the users of wireless network.When a user wants to connect to a network that uses WPA, The User must provide His / her identical user name and password when the network asks for it. Then the AP sends that informations to the Authentication server to verify the validity of the user to access network resources. Once the authentication server gave a positive feedback, the user allows connecting to the network otherwise the request will be discarded.2.2.6.1 The Four way bowl over ShakeThe Authentication P rocess has 2 Parts, the access point (AP) still needs to authenticate itself to the client station (STA), and keys to encrypt the traffic need to be derived. The earlier EAP exchange has provided the shared secret key PMK (Pair wise Master Key). This key is, however, designed to last the entire session and should be unresolved as little as possible. 1Therefore the four-way tremble is used to establish another key called the PTK (Pairwise perfunctory Key). The PTK is generated by concatenating the following attributes PMK, AP nonce (ANonce), STA nonce (SNonce), AP MAC address, and STA MAC address. The product is then put through a cryptographic hash function. 1The handshake also yields the GTK (Group Temporal Key), used to decrypt multicast and broadcast traffic. The veridical messages exchanged during the handshake are depicted in the figure and explained below 12.2.6.2 Group Key Hand ShakeThe GTK used in the network may need to be updated due to the expiry of a preset timer. Wh en a device leaves the network, the GTK also needs to be updated. This is to prevent the device from receiving any more multicast or broadcast messages from the AP. 2To handle the updating, 802.11i defines a Group Key Handshake that consists of a two-way handshake 2The AP sends the new GTK to each STA in the network. The GTK is encrypted using the KEK assigned to that STA and protects the data from being tampered using a MIC. The STA acknowledges the new GTK and replies to the AP. 22.3 Differences between WEP, WPA and WPA22.3.1 Encryption MethodsWEP uses only one encryption method for the whole network, but in WPA, encryptions are dedicated for every user. One user has its own encryption method.2.3.2 AuthenticationIn WEP Authentication, it uses Open or Shared key authentication method. In WPA operates on Pre-Shared Key Method. As well as WPA uses an authentication server to validate the user and it using EAP to send all the informations to the Server. But WEP does not use any authen tication server.2.3.3 Security Protocols and Key StreamsWEP uses WEP as their Security protocol. This is a primary wireless protocol that has few loop hols for attackers, in WPA use Temporal Key Integrity Management as the security protocol. WPA 2 uses bit advanced security protocol than both of the WEP and WPA. It uses Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP).WPA and WEP both use Rivest Cipher 4 as their cipher, but WPA 2 uses Advanced Encryption Standards. WEP uses 40 and 104 bits key length for the encryption key. WPA use 128 bit for the encryption and 64 bit for the Authentication. WPA2 uses 128 bit key streams for the both Encryption and the authentication.2.3.4 Data Integrity and Key GenerationWEP use Cyclic Redundancy Check 32 bit Method to check the Integrity of the data. WPA use Michael Message Integrity Code to check the integrity of data. WPA2 has CBC-MAC for that operation.WEP does the key generation by using Concatenation. In W PA used Two phase mixing function (both TKIP and RC4). WPA2 doesnt require any key generation.2.4 Security Threats Associated with Wireless NetworksAs Discussed above, nowadays wireless networks become more popular than the wired networks. Many organisations including Commercial Companies, Hospitals, government offices and most of the houses use wireless networks to facilitate different services. But the problem is WLAN are not 100 percent protective from attacks. 802.11x networks are vulnerable to certain attacks. There are thousands of papers and reports available in the internet that describes those kinds of attacks and security threats to WLANs. These security threats mainly target on Confidentiality, Integrity and Network availability.WLAN attacks normally divide in to 2 types. Those are Active Attacks andPassive Attacks. Then those 2 main classes sub divided into types of attacks.2.4.1 Active AttacksActive attacks are the most dangerous attack type. In here, hacker or the unau thorised party gain access to the system and do the modifications to the system or the message transmitting. This end point a receiving an incorrect message stream or a file to the recipient. Active attacks result a loss of integrity of the network. Active attacks are possible to detect by using special software like packet monitors. But the problem associated with this kind of attacks are, its difficult to prevent these kinds of attacks.Active attacks can be sub categorised in to 4 Methods of attacking. Following explain those,2.4.1.1 MasqueradeIn here, Attacker imitates as an authorised user in the network and gains the access to the network. This kind of attacks can be happened in few ways. The first circumstance is authorised user give away the password to an unknown person or a group of people. So automatically they are possible to get access to the system.The other consideration is hacker can use some software pieces to collect the passwords or access keys of authorised user s. There are many methods to perform this kind of attack. Installing Key Board Activities Recording software is a very successful method to collect these kinds of informations.2.4.1.2 ReplyThe Attacker can monitor the transmissions of the source and endpoint machines and re transmit the informations as a legitimate user. So the attackers computer acts as the Source and destination accordingly, to get the actual source and Destinations informations.Reply attacks are offline attacks. The attacker first gathers all the data and then later decrypts that information. This informations could be users authentication session informations that carries WLAN password.2.4.1.3 Message ModificationIn here, attacker tries to metamorphose a particular message or informations. This could results a transmitting wrong informations to the legitimate user.2.4.1.3 Denial of ServiceThis is a very popular attack type and very easily does in a WLAN environment. The main goal of this attack is make the net work unavailable to the users. it generally consists of the concerted efforts of a person or people to prevent an Internet site or service from functioning efficiently or at all, temporarily or indefinitely wiki. This attacks cause Loss of Network a